An Overview of the Insecticide Resistance Status of Vectors Responsible for Transmitting Human Diseases
Keywords:
Insecticide Resistance, Vectors, Human DiseasesAbstract
Insect vector-borne diseases contribute to 17% of the global burden of parasitic and infectious diseases. Currently, more than one billion individuals, primarily in developing nations, are at risk of contracting illnesses such as malaria, filariasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Plague, relapsing fevers, and various rickettsial diseases. Insecticides play a critical role in managing the primary vectors of these diseases, including mosquitoes, sandflies, fleas, lice, and triatomine insects. However, the escalating issue of insecticide resistance presents a significant obstacle in the management and control of insect vector-borne diseases. Due to the improper and excessive use of insecticides over time, insect vectors have developed resistance, complicating efforts to manipulate and control them. Consequently, key insect vectors have become resistant to major classes of insecticides. Effective vector control is crucial in reducing vector-borne diseases by targeting vectorial capacity and transmission. The primary method for preventing vectors remains the use of chemical substances in bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Unfortunately, the widespread use of insecticides since the 1950s has led to the global emergence of strong resistance, creating a significant public health challenge in implementing insecticidal vector control. Therefore, we propose to investigate the current level of insecticide resistance in vectors of human diseases and assess its impact on the efficacy of vector control measures.
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